It is not easy to find in the history of universal literature works that have influenced as broadly and decisively as the four Gospels. These four stories about Jesus not only influenced the formulation of the Christian faith, the configuration of the liturgy of the different churches, the ethical orientation of Christianity during its twenty centuries of existence, but they also left their mark in numerous popular traditions and are have been a source of inspiration for countless artistic expressions. The memory of Jesus preserved in the Gospels has decisively characterized Christianity and, through that, Western culture. There are other reasons for studying them. One of these is that they are important historical documents, because they contain information on Jesus of Nazareth, a key figure in the history of humanity. They are also interesting from a literary point of view, as they represent a process of enormous creativity, as there was an original confluence between oral tradition and literary composition. However, the most common and widespread motivation for approaching the Gospels is of a religious nature. The book tries to offer some keys to know them better, through a survey that takes into account all these aspects and collects the main results achieved by biblical exegesis over the last two centuries. A critical study of the Gospels that, considering their formation as a process through which oral traditions were established but also as a composition of literary, social and religious factors, returns a living portrait of the teachings and life of Jesus.